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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ProFTPD module mod_auth_unix</title>
</head>

<body bgcolor=white>

<hr>
<center>
<h2><b>ProFTPD module <code>mod_auth_unix</code></b></h2>
</center>
<hr><br>

<p>
This module is contained in the <code>mod_auth_unix.c</code> file for
ProFTPD 1.3.<i>x</i>, and is compiled by default.

<h2>Directives</h2>
<ul>
  <li><a href="#AuthUnixOptions">AuthUnixOptions</a>
  <li><a href="#PersistentPasswd">PersistentPasswd</a>
</ul>

<hr>
<h3><a name="AuthUnixOptions">AuthUnixOptions</a></h3>
<strong>Syntax:</strong> AuthUnixOptions <em>opt1 ...</em><br>
<strong>Default:</strong> None<br>
<strong>Context:</strong> server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code><br>
<strong>Module:</strong> mod_auth_unix<br>
<strong>Compatibility:</strong> 1.3.3rc2

<p>
The <code>AuthUnixOptions</code> directive is used to tweak various
Unix-specific authentication behaviors in <code>mod_auth_unix</code>.  The
currently implemented options are:
<ul>
  <li><code>AIXNoRLogin</code><br>
    <p>
    In <a href="http://bugs.proftpd.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1896">Bug#1896</a>,
    support for checking some AIX-specific functions for whether a login
    should be accepted was added; this happens only on AIX servers, of course.

    <p>
    However, some AIX admins like to configure "rlogin=false", yet still want
    to allow FTP logins.  To enable this specific behavior, a new
    <code>AuthUnixOptions</code> setting (only honored on AIX) was added:
<pre>
        AuthUnixOptions AIXNoRLogin
</pre>
    If this setting is used on any other server, it is silently ignored.
    <a href="http://bugs.proftpd.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3300">Bug#3300</a> has
    the full details.
  </li>

  <p>
  <li><code>MagicTokenChroot</code><br>
    <p>
    This option causes <code>mod_auth_unix</code> to examine the home
    directory retrieved for a user for the magic "/./" token.  If found,
    the portion of the directory before the token will be used for the
    <code>chroot()</code> for the process; the portion after the token
    will be the default directory for the process.

    <p>
    <b>Note</b> that this will override any configured <code>DefaultRoot</code>
    and <code>DefaultChdir</code> directives.

    <p>
    This option is intended for use for sites which are migrating from
    old <code>wuftpd</code>-based installations.
  </li>

  <p>
  <li><code>NoGetgrouplist</code><br>
    <p>
    On systems which support it, the <code>getgrouplist(3)</code> function
    can be used to get the group membership list of a user in a <i>much</i>
    faster way.  However, use of this function can have strange interactions
    with NSS modules, depending on the NSS modules used (see
    <a href="http://bugs.proftpd.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3475">Bug#3475</a>).
    Use this option to disable use of the <code>getgrouplist(3)</code>
    function, <i>e.g.</i>:
<pre>
        AuthUnixOptions NoGetgrouplist
</pre>
    This setting has no effect on systems which do not support the
    <code>getgrouplist(3)</code> function.
  </li>

  <p>
  <li><code>NoInitgroups</code><br>
    <p>
    On systems which support it, the <code>initgroups(3)</code> function
    can be used to get the group membership list of a user in a <i>much</i>
    faster way.  However, there are limits to the number of groups to which
    a user can belong, use of this function means that groups which exceed
    that limit <b>will be silently ignored</b>.  Thus for sites which need
    users to belong to a <i>large</i> number of groups, use this option to
    disable the use of the <code>initgroups(3)</code> function, <i>e.g.</i>:
<pre>
        AuthUnixOptions NoInitgroups
</pre>
    This setting has no effect on systems which do not support the
    <code>initgroups(3)</code> function.
  </li>
</ul>

<p>
<hr>
<h3><a name="PersistentPasswd">PersistentPasswd</a></h3>
<strong>Syntax:</strong> PersistentPasswd <em>on|off</em><br>
<strong>Default:</strong> off<br>
<strong>Context:</strong> server config, <code>&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;Global&gt;</code><br>
<strong>Module:</strong> mod_auth_unix<br>
<strong>Compatibility:</strong> 1.2.0

<p>
The <code>PersistentPasswd</code> directive controls how
<code>mod_auth_unix</code> handles authentication, user/group lookups, and
user/group to name mapping.  If set to <em>on</em>, <code>mod_auth_unix</code>
will attempt to open the system-wide <code>/etc/passwd</code>,
<code>/etc/group</code> (and potentially <code>/etc/shadow</code>) files
itself, holding them open even during a <code>chroot()</code>ed login.  (Note
that <code>/etc/shadow</code> is never held open, for security reasons).

<p>
On some platforms, you <b>must</b> turn this option on, as the libc functions
are incapable of accessing these databases from inside of a
<code>chroot()</code>.

<p>
Note: <code>NIS</code>/<code>NIS+</code> and <code>NSS</code> users will most
likely want to disable this feature.  Failure to disable this will make your
<code>NIS</code>/<code>NIS+</code> maps and <code>NSS</code> lookups not work!
On certain systems, you may also need to use the
<code>--enable-autoshadow</code> option in order to authenticate both users
from <code>NIS</code> maps or <code>NSS</code> lookups, and local users.

<p>
<hr>
<h2><a name="Installation">Installation</a></h2>
The <code>mod_auth_unix</code> module is compiled by default.

<p>
<b>Logging</b><br>
The <code>mod_auth_unix</code> module supports <a href="../howto/Tracing.html">trace logging</a>, via the module-specific log channels:
<ul>
  <li>auth.unix
</ul>
Thus for trace logging, to aid in debugging, you would use the following in
your <code>proftpd.conf</code>:
<pre>
  TraceLog /path/to/ftpd/trace.log
  Trace auth.unix:20
</pre>
This trace logging can generate large files; it is intended for debugging use
only, and should be removed from any production configuration.

<p><a name="FAQ">
<b>Frequently Asked Questions</b><br>

<p><a name="Password8Characters">
<font color=red>Question</font>: I found that only the first 8 characters of
passwords are used! This is a security bug!<br>
<font color=blue>Answer</font>: No, it is not.

<p>
The default Unix password hashing scheme uses the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard">Data Encryption Standard</a> (DES) algorithm.
As per the <code>crypt(3)</code> man page, <b>only the first 8 characters
of the password are used</b>.  Thus this 8 character limitation comes from
the underlying system authentication, <b>not</b> from proftpd.  The whole
purpose of the PAM system was to enable replacing the use of DES with other
authentication algorithms, which do not have this 8 character limitation.

<p>
Later, other <code>crypt(3)</code> implementations were made which can also
support algorithms such as MD5, or Blowfish.  Some platforms support these
enhanced versions of <code>crypt(3)</code>, some do not.

<p><a name="ExpiredPasswords">
<font color=red>Question</font>: It appears that the handling of expired
passwords by <code>mod_auth_unix</code> is wrong.  Is this a bug?<br>
<font color=blue>Answer</font>: Not really.  Different implementations
have implemented expired passwords differently.  One particular implementation
even has special values, <i>e.g.</i> for the date of last password change:
<blockquote>
  The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should
  change her password the next time she will log in the system.
</blockquote>

<p>
These special cases vary from implementation to implementation; in the end,
it is better to use the
<a href="mod_auth_pam.html"><code>mod_auth_pam</code></a> module and a PAM
configuration which can better handle password expiration according to your
site's needs.

<p><a name="CachedUsers">
<font color=red>Question</font>: I've added new user to my system (<i>i.e.</i>
in the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file), but my <code>proftpd</code> does not
see the new user until I have restarted it.  Is there any way to not have
to restart <code>proftpd</code>, to disable its caching of system users?<br>
<font color=blue>Answer</font>: ProFTPD is not caching system users, per se.
Instead, this behavior is a side-effect of the
<a href="#PersistentPasswd"><code>PersistentPasswd</code></a> setting.  Check
to see if you have:
<pre>
  PersistentPasswd on
</pre>
in your <code>proftpd.conf</code>. If you do (or if you do not have
<code>PersistentPasswd</code> in your config at all), then change your
<code>proftpd.conf</code> to have:
<pre>
  PersistentPasswd off
</pre>

<p>
Why is this necessary?  When you use <code>PersistentPasswd on</code>,
then <code>proftpd</code> will open a <i>file descriptor</i> on the system
<code>/etc/passwd</code> file during server startup.  This descriptor is kept
open during the lifetime of the daemon.  Later, when you add a new user to the
system <code>/etc/passwd</code> file, the system tools create a new version of
that file, then rename the new file to have the <code>/etc/passwd</code> name.
But <code>proftpd</code> still has a descriptor to the <i>old</i> file, and
does not see/know that the file has changed.  That is why it can look like
<code>proftpd</code> is "caching" your system users.

<p><a name="DeleteViaPasswd">
<font color=red>Question</font>: I recently deleted a user's password using:
<pre>
  $ passwd -d <em>user</em>
</pre>
This successfully prevented the user from logging in via <code>ssh</code>,
but they <i>were</i> able to successfully login using <code>proftpd</code>.
This is a bug, right?<br>
<font color=blue>Answer</font>: No, not really.  It's more of a nasty gotcha.

<p>
Per the <code>passwd(1)</code> man page, the <code>-d</code> option does not
do what you might assume/think it does:
<pre>
  -d
  This is a quick way to delete a password for an account. It will set
  the named account passwordless. Available to root only.
</pre>
Thus the <code>-d</code> option only <i>deletes the password</i>; it does
<b>not</b> lock the account by setting a password of "*", and it does <b>not</b>
delete the account/entry.  Rather than using <code>passwd -d</code>, I would
strongly recommend using <code>passwd -l</code> (to <em>lock</em> the account),
or <code>userdel(8)</code> or equivalent (to <em>remove</em> the account
entirely).

<p>
The issue then is that <code>proftpd</code> does not <b>require</b> that
clients provide non-empty passwords by default.  Thus a client providing
an empty string as the password for a so-called "deleted" account would be
able to successfully log in.  To address this, there is the
<a href="./mod_auth.html#AllowEmptyPasswords"><code>AllowEmptyPasswords</code></a> directive.  For example, setting this in your <code>proftpd.conf</code>
should make using <code>passwd -d</code> work as you'd expect:
<pre>
  &lt;Global&gt;
    AllowEmptyPassword off
  &lt;/Global&gt;
</pre>

<p>
<hr><br>

<font size=2><b><i>
&copy; Copyright 2010-2015 The ProFTPD Project<br>
 All Rights Reserved<br>
</i></b></font>
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